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Vitiligo is a disease in which the pigment cells of the skin (melanocytes) are destroyed in certain areas of the body. This leads to loss of skin color and formation of de-pigmented/ white on the skin. Vitiligo can be focal (localised to one area) or may affect several different areas on the body at the same.

A person who has lost over 85% of the function of his/her kidneys is diagnosed to have end stage kidney failure. At this stage of kidney disease, the person cannot lead a comfortable life with medications alone ; he/she would have to undergo the treatment modality known as dialysis or undergo kidney transplantation surgery , if he/she is medically fit for the procedure.

The main function of the kidneys is removal of waste products and excess water from the body and excrete them through urine. Hence, when the kidneys fail, waste products of metabolism and excess water accumulate in the body. Excess levels of the nitrogenous waste products in the blood leads to dysfunction of many other organs in human body.

A brain stroke happens when the blood circulation to a part of the brain is affected. There are several reasons for this, but a common one is a block in the carotid artery, which is one of the main pathways for blood circulation to the brain. These blocks – called ‘plaques’ are usually the result of atherosclerosis, and are like what happens in the blood vessels in the heart, which results in a heart attack.

Laparoscopy is undoubtedly one of the most efficient surgical techniques for management of gastro intestinal problems. A procedure that involves just 3 or 4 holes for a wide range of conditions management of hernias (inguinal, umbilical and incisional) to complex cases like removal of gall bladder (cholecystectomy) and surgery for colon cancer (colectomy), the advantages of laparoscopy include:

What can be called as one of the most significant advancements in the field of cranial neurosurgery in the last decade, endoscopic skull base surgery has made brain tumour resection a scarless procedure.

Back pain is a very, very uncommon problem in children as their spines are relatively flexible compared to that of adults.

So if your child complains of back pain or any related symptoms – especially if it aggravates after any physical or sports activity, make sure you seek immediate medical help.

Diabetes causes neuropathy (weakness, numbness and pain due to nerve damage) and decreased circulation of blood in the legs. This can lead to minor cuts and blisters going unnoticed, which in turn leads to severe ulceration, raised plantar pressures and deformities of the toes and feet. Called ‘Diabetic Foot’, this is a potentially life-threating problem as infection-causing bacteria can enter these wounds easily, especially in immunocompromised (low or impaired immunity system) patients.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) or chronic renal failure is a condition wherein there is a progressive loss of kidney function over a period of time, ranging from months to years. This condition, unlike acute kidney injury (temporary kidney failure that is reversible partially or completely) is permanent and irreversible.

Enlargement of the prostate or BPH (Benign Prostate Hyperplasia) or Benign Enlargement of the Prostate (BEP) is a common, non-cancerous condition seen in men over 40 years of age. The enlarged prostate presses against the urinary tract, causing obstruction in the flow of urine and lower urinary tract symptoms. BPH can be managed medically or surgically. ​